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NEW QUESTION # 34
What statement about the IEEE 802.11-2016 QoS facility is true?
- A. 802.11 QoS is achieved by giving high priority queues a statistical advantage at winning contention.
- B. When the Voice queue has frames awaiting transmission, no data will be transmitted from the Best Effort queue.
- C. 802.11 control frames are assigned to the 802.11 EF priority queue.
- D. Four 802.1p user priorities are mapped to eight 802.11 transmit queues.
Answer: A
Explanation:
802.11 QoS is achieved by giving high priority queues a statistical advantage at winning contention. 802.11 QoS is based on the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism, which defines four access categories (ACs) for different types of traffic: Voice, Video, Best Effort, and Background. Each AC has its own transmit queue and contention parameters, such as Arbitration Interframe Space (AIFS), Contention Window (CW), and Transmission Opportunity (TXOP). These parameters determine how long a station has to wait before transmitting a frame and how long it can occupy the channel. Higher priority ACs have shorter AIFS, smaller CW, and longer TXOP, which means they have more chances to access the channel and send more data than lower priority ACs. However, this does not guarantee that higher priority ACs will always win the contention, as there is still a random backoff process involved. Therefore, 802.11 QoS is a statistical service that provides different levels of service quality based on traffic categories. References: , Chapter 10, page 403; , Section 6.1
NEW QUESTION # 35
As an RF wave propagates through space, the wave front experiences natural expansion that reduces its signal strength in an area. What describes the rate at which this expansion happens?
- A. Ohm's law
- B. Inverse square law
- C. MU-MIMO
- D. Fresnel zone thinning
Answer: B
Explanation:
The inverse square law states that the signal strength of an RF wave is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. This means that as the distance from the transmitter increases, the signal strength decreases rapidly.
References: Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide, Chapter 3, page 64.
NEW QUESTION # 36
What is required when operating 802.11ax APS in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication?
* VHT PHY
- A. SAE
- B. CCMP
- C. HT PHY
Answer: B
Explanation:
SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication. SAE is a secure and robust authentication method that is defined in the IEEE 802.11s amendment and is also known as WPA3-Personal or WPA3-SAE. SAE is based on a cryptographic technique called Dragonfly Key Exchange, which allows two parties to establish a shared secret key using a passphrase, without revealing the passphrase or the key to an eavesdropper or an attacker. SAE also provides forward secrecy, which means that if the passphrase or the key is compromised in the future, it does not affect the security of past communications.
SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because of the new regulations and standards that apply to this band. The 6 GHz band is a new frequency band that was opened for unlicensed use by the FCC and other regulatory bodies in 2020. The 6 GHz band offers more spectrum and less interference than the existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, which can enable higher performance and efficiency for Wi-Fi devices. However, the 6 GHz band also has some restrictions and requirements that are different from the other bands, such as:
* The 6 GHz band is divided into two sub-bands: U-NII-5 (5925-6425 MHz) and U-NII-7 (6525-6875 MHz). The U-NII-5 sub-band is subject to DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) rules, which require Wi-Fi devices to monitor and avoid using channels that are occupied by radar systems or other primary users. The U-NII-7 sub-band is not subject to DFS rules, but it has a lower maximum transmit power limit than the U-NII-5 sub-band.
* The Wi-Fi devices that operate in the 6 GHz band are called 6E devices, which stands for Extended Spectrum. 6E devices must support 802.11ax technology, which is also known as Wi-Fi 6 or High Efficiency (HE). 802.11ax is a new standard that improves the performance and efficiency of Wi-Fi networks by using features such as OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output), BSS Coloring, TWT (Target Wake Time), and HE PHY and MAC enhancements.
* The 6E devices that operate in the 6 GHz band must also support WPA3 security, which is a new security protocol that replaces WPA2 and provides stronger encryption and authentication for Wi-Fi networks. WPA3 has two modes: WPA3-Personal and WPA3-Enterprise. WPA3-Personal uses SAE as its authentication method, which requires a passphrase to establish a secure connection between two devices. WPA3-Enterprise uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) as its authentication method, which requires a certificate or a credential to authenticate with a server.
Therefore, SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because it is part of WPA3-Personal security, which is mandatory for 6E devices in this band.
References: , Chapter 3, page 120; , Section 3.2
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NEW QUESTION # 37
In a mesh BSS (MBSS), according to the 802.11 standard, what device connect the mesh to an Ethernet network?
- A. Mesh Gate
- B. Mesh Switch
- C. Mesh Portal
- D. Mesh Router
Answer: C
Explanation:
a mesh portal is a device that connects a mesh BSS (MBSS) to an Ethernet network, such as the Internet. A mesh portal acts as a bridge between the wired and wireless domains, and allows the mesh stations to communicate with external networks. A mesh portal is also a mesh point, which means it can forward traffic within the MBSS.
The other options are not correct. Option A. Mesh Gate is a device that connects a mesh BSS (MBSS) to another mesh BSS or another wireless network, such as an infrastructure BSS or an ad hoc network2. A mesh gate acts as a gateway between different wireless domains, and allows the mesh stations to communicate with other wireless networks. A mesh gate is also a mesh point, which means it can forward traffic within the MBSS. Option B. Mesh Switch is not a valid term in the 802.11 standard. Option C. Mesh Router is also not a valid term in the 802.11 standard.
NEW QUESTION # 38
You are using a site survey tool for post-implementation validation. You have installed the appropriate adapter driver and imported a floor plan. Now, you want to take the next step in proper tool use. What must you do before gathering survey data after the floor plan is imported?
- A. Nothing, you can simply start capturing signal readings
- B. Install iPerf
- C. Install WinPCAP
- D. Calibrate the floor plan
Answer: D
Explanation:
Calibrating the floor plan is what you must do before gathering survey data after the floor plan is imported when using a site survey tool for post-implementation validation. A site survey tool is a software application that can run on a laptop, tablet, smartphone, or other device that has a Wi-Fi adapter and a GPS receiver. A site survey tool can scan the wireless environment and collect information about the detected access points and client stations, such as their SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security, and data rate. A site survey tool can also measure and display various metrics of network performance, such as throughput, jitter, packet loss, delay, and SNR. A site survey tool can also use a floor plan to visualize the wirelesscoverage and quality in different locations on a map. A floor plan is an image file that shows the layout and dimensions of a building or an area where the WLAN is deployed. A floor plan can be imported from various sources, such as a CAD file, a PDF file, an image file, or a Google Maps screenshot. After importing a floor plan into a site survey tool, it is necessary to calibrate the floor plan before gathering survey data. Calibrating the floor plan means adjusting the scale and orientation of the floor plan to match the actual size and direction of the area.
Calibrating the floor plan can be done by using a reference point or a reference line that has a known distance or angle in the real world. Calibrating the floor plan ensures that the survey data is accurate and consistent with the physical environment. References: 1, Chapter 7, page 290; 2, Section 4.3
NEW QUESTION # 39
An 802.11 WLAN transmitter that emits a 50 mW signal is connected to a cable with 3 dB of loss. The cable is connected to an antenna with 16 dBi of gain. What is the power level at the Intentional Radiator?
- A. 25 mW
- B. 1000 mW
- C. 500 mW
- D. 250 mW
Answer: D
Explanation:
The power level at the Intentional Radiator (IR) is 250 mW. The IR is the point where the RF signal leaves the transmitter and enters the antenna system. To calculate the power level at the IR, we need to consider the output power level of the transmitter, the loss of the cable, and the gain of the antenna. The formula is:
Power level at IR (dBm) = Output power level (dBm) - Cable loss (dB) + Antenna gain (dBi) We can convert the output power level of 50 mW to dBm by using the formula:
Power level (dBm) = 10 * log10(Power level (mW))
Therefore, 50 mW = 10 * log10(50) = 16.99 dBm
We can plug in the values into the formula:
Power level at IR (dBm) = 16.99 - 3 + 16 = 29.99 dBm
We can convert the power level at IR from dBm to mW by using the inverse formula:
Power level (mW) = 10^(Power level (dBm) / 10)
Therefore, 29.99 dBm = 10^(29.99 / 10) = 999.96 mW
However, since we need to round off the answer to the nearest integer value, we get:
Power level at IR (mW) = 1000 mW
References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 67; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page
57.
NEW QUESTION # 40
You are reporting on the RF environment in your facility. The manager asks you to describe the noise floor noted in the report. Which of the following is the best explanation?
- A. The noise caused by elevators, microwave ovens, and video transmitters.
- B. The RF energy that exists in the environment from intentional and unintentional RF radiators that forms the baseline above which the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist.
- C. The extra energy radiated by access points and client devices beyond that intended for the signal.
- D. The energy radiated by flooring materials that causes interference in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The RF energy that exists in the environment from intentional and unintentional RF radiators that forms the baseline above which the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist is the best explanation of the noise floor noted in the report. The noise floor is a term that describes the level of background noise or interference in a wireless channel or band. The noise floor is measured in dBm (decibel-milliwatts) and it represents the minimum signal strength that can be detected or received by a wireless device. The noise floor is influenced by various factors, such as the sensitivity of the receiver, the antenna gain, the cable loss, and the ambient RF environment. The ambient RF environment consists of intentional and unintentional RF radiators that emit RF energy in the wireless spectrum. Intentional RF radiators are devices that are designed to transmit RF signals for communication purposes, such as Wi-Fi access points, Bluetooth devices, microwave ovens, or cordless phones. Unintentional RF radiators are devices that are not designed to transmit RF signals but generate electromagnetic radiation as a by-product of their operation, such as USB 3 devices, PC power supplies, or fluorescent lights. The noise floor affects WLAN performance and quality because it determines the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is required for a successful wireless transmission. SNR is the difference between the signal strength of the desired signal and the noise floor of the channel. SNR is also measured in dB and it indicates how much the signal stands out from the noise. A higher SNR means a better signal quality and a lower bit error rate. A lower SNR means a worse signal quality and a higher bit error rate. Therefore, to achieve a reliable WLAN connection, the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist above the noise floor by a certain margin that depends on the data rate and modulation scheme used. The other options are not accurate or complete explanations of the noise floor noted in the report. The noise caused by elevators, microwave ovens, and video transmitters is not the noise floor but rather examples of interference sources that contribute to the noise floor. The extra energy radiated by access points and client devices beyond that intended for the signal is not the noise floor but rather an example of spurious emissions that cause interference to other devices or channels. The energy radiated by flooring materials that causes interference in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands is not the noise floor but rather an example of attenuation or reflection that reduces or changes the direction of the signal. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 139
NEW QUESTION # 41
You administer a small WLAN with nine access point. As a small business, you do not rum a RADIUS server and use WPA2-Personal for security. Recently, you changed the passphrase for WPA2-personal in all Aps and clients. Several users are now reporting the inability to connect to the network at time and it is constrained to one area of the building. When using scanner, you see that the AP covering that area is online
- A. The AP that covers the problem area requires a firmware update
- B. The AP that covers the problem area has failed
- C. The clients are improperly configured
- D. The AP that covers the problem area is improperly configured
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is because the passphrase for WPA2-Personal is case-sensitive and must match exactly on both the AP and the client. If the passphrase is entered incorrectly on the client, the client will not be able to authenticate with the AP and connect to the network. The AP that covers the problem area is not likely to require a firmware update, fail, or be improperly configured, as it is online and works with other clients that have the correct passphrase. To troubleshoot this issue, you can check the passphrase settings on the clients and make sure they matchwith the AP. You can also try to reconnect the clients to the network or reboot them if necessary. For more information on how to configure WPA2-Personal on your router
NEW QUESTION # 42
You are implementing a VHT-capable AP. Which one of the following channels is available in the
802.11-2016 standard that was not available before the ratification of 802.11 ac?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Channel 144 is a new channel that was added to the 5 GHz band by the 802.11ac amendment, which defines the VHT (Very High Throughput) PHY for WLANs. Channel 144 has a center frequency of 5720 MHz and a bandwidth of 20 MHz. It can also be combined with adjacent channels to form wider channels of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. Channel 144 is available in some regions, such as North America and Europe, but not in others, such as Japan and China . References: [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 3: Antennas and Accessories, page 121; [CWNA-109Study Guide], Chapter 3: Antennas and Accessories, page 115;
[Wikipedia], List of WLAN channels.
NEW QUESTION # 43
What feature of 802.1 lax (HE) is managed with beacon and trigger frames and is primarily a power management method, but also provides more efficient access to the channel used within a BSS?
- A. UL-MU-MIMO
- B. TWT
- C. OFDMA
- D. BSS Color
Answer: B
Explanation:
TWT is the feature of 802.11ax (HE) that is managed with beacon and trigger frames and is primarily a power management method, but also provides more efficient access to the channel used within a BSS. TWT stands for target wake time, which is a mechanism that allows an access point and a client device to negotiate and schedule specific times for data transmission and reception. This enables the client device to enter a low-power sleep mode when it is not expected to communicate with the access point, which saves battery life and reduces power consumption. TWT also reduces contention and interference on the channel used within a BSS, as it coordinates the transmissions of multiple client devices and avoids collisions. TWT is managed with beacon and trigger frames, which are two types of management frames that are used to announce and initiate data exchanges. A beacon frame is a frame that is periodically sent by an access point to advertise its presence, capabilities, and parameters to client devices. A trigger frame is a frame that is sent by an access point or a client device to request or initiate a data transmission with another device. BSS color, UL-MU-MIMO, and OFDMA are other features of 802.11ax (HE) that are not primarily power management methods, but rather performance enhancement methods. BSS color is a feature that assigns a color code to each BSS to differentiate it from other BSSs that use the same channel. This reduces interference and improves spatial reuse of the channel. UL-MU-MIMO is a feature that allows an access point to receive multiple simultaneous transmissions from different client devices using multiple spatial streams. This increases capacity and throughput of the uplink direction. OFDMA is a feature that divides a channel into smaller subchannels called resource units (RUs) that can be allocated to different devices for concurrent transmissions. This increases efficiency and flexibility of the channel utilization. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 10:
Wireless LAN Operation, page 323
NEW QUESTION # 44
What statement is true concerning the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs?
- A. OFDM modulation is used only in 5 GHz 802.11 transmissions.
- B. OFDM was first introduced in 802.11a and is used by the ERP, HT and VHT PHYs as well.
- C. OFDM implements BPSK modulation to allow for data rates up to 7 Gbps.
- D. OFDM was used by Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) PHY devices.
Answer: B
Explanation:
OFDM is a modulation method that divides the channel bandwidth into multiple subcarriers, each carrying a single data symbol. This allows for higher data rates and more robust transmissions in multipath environments.
OFDM was first introduced inthe 802.11a standard, which operates in the 5 GHz band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. Later, the 802.11g standard adopted OFDM for the 2.4 GHz band, and the 802.11n and
802.11ac standards enhanced OFDM with features such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), channel bonding, and higher-order modulation schemes to achieve data rates up to 600 Mbps and 6.9 Gbps, respectively. These standards are collectively known as the ERP (Extended Rate PHY), HT (High Throughput), and VHT (Very High Throughput) PHYs . References: [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 4:
Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 163; [CWNA-109Study Guide], Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 157.
NEW QUESTION # 45
What primary metric of scanning can stations use to select the best AP for connectivity to the desired BSS?
- A. FCS errors in frames transmitted to and from the AP.
- B. PING latency when testing against an Internet server.
- C. Signal strength of AP beacons received.
- D. Throughput speed in Mbps.
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a station scans for available wireless networks, it listens for beacon frames sent by APs. A beacon frame contains information about the BSS, such as SSID, supported rates, channel, security, etc. The station also measures the signal strength of the beacon frames, which indicates how well the station can communicate with the AP. The signal strength is usually expressed in dBm or RSSI units. The higher the signal strength, the better the connection quality and performance. Therefore, the station can use the signal strength of AP beacons as the primary metric to select the best AP for connectivity to the desired BSS12. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 6: Wireless LAN Devices and Topologies, page 249; CWNA-109Study Guide, Chapter
6: Wireless LAN Devices and Topologies, page 243.
NEW QUESTION # 46
When antenna gain is reported in dBi, the gain of the antenna is compared to what theoretical radiator?
- A. End-fire radiator
- B. Dipole radiator
- C. Isotropic radiator
- D. Anthropomorphic radiator
Answer: C
Explanation:
An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of electromagnetic radiation that radiates equally in all directions. It has no physical dimensions and no preferred direction of radiation. It is used as a reference for antenna gain because it represents the ideal case of a perfect omnidirectional antenna12 Antenna gain is a measure of how well an antenna concentrates its radiated power in a certain direction. It is expressed in decibels (dB) relative to a reference antenna. Whenthe reference antenna is an isotropic radiator, the antenna gain is denoted by dBi, which stands for decibels relative to isotropic12 For example, an antenna with a gain of 3 dBi means that it radiates 3 dB more power in its main direction than an isotropic radiator would. Conversely, an antenna with a gain of -3 dBi means that it radiates 3 dB less power in its main direction than an isotropic radiator would12
NEW QUESTION # 47
In an 802.11n (H T) 2.4 GHz BSS, what prevents each station from using all the airtime when other client stations are actively communicating in the same BSS?
- A. CSMA/CD
- B. CSMA/CA
- C. OFDMA
- D. 802.11 DOS prevention
Answer: B
Explanation:
What prevents each station from using all the airtime when other client stations are actively communicating in the same BSS is CSMA/CA. CSMA/CA stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance and is a media access control method used by WLAN devices to share the wireless medium. CSMA/CA works by having each station sense the medium before transmitting a frame. If the medium is busy (i.e., another station is transmitting), the station defers its transmission until the medium is idle. If the medium is idle, the station waits for a random backoff period before transmitting. This way, CSMA/CA reduces the chances of collisions and ensures fair access to the medium for all stations. CSMA/CA also uses positive acknowledgements to confirm successful transmissions and retransmissions to recover from errors.
CSMA/CD, DOS prevention, and OFDMA are not used by WLAN devices in a BSS. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 108; [CWNA:
Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 98.
NEW QUESTION # 48
A client complains of low data rates on his computer. When you evaluate the situation, you see that the signal strength is -84 dBm and the noise floor is -96 dBm. The client is an 802.11ac client and connects to an
802.11ac AP. Both the client and AP are 2x2:2 devices. What is the likely cause of the low data rate issue?
- A. Weak signal strength
- B. Lack of support for 802.11n
- C. Too few spatial streams
- D. CAT5e cabling run to the AP
Answer: A
Explanation:
Weak signal strength is the likely cause of the low data rate issue for the client that has a signal strength of -84 dBm and a noise floor of -96 dBm. The client is an 802.11ac client and connects to an 802.11ac AP. Both the client and AP are 2x2:2 devices. Signal strength is the measure of how strong the RF signal is at the receiver.
Signal strength can affect the reliability and performance of the wireless connection, as well as the data rate and throughput of the traffic. The higher the signal strength, the better the signal quality and the higher the data rate. The lower the signal strength, the worse the signal quality and the lower the data rate.
The data rate of an 802.11ac connection depends on several factors, such as channel bandwidth, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), spatial streams, guard interval, and beamforming. However, these factors are also influenced by the signal strength, as they require a certain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to operate properly.
SNR is the ratio of the signal strength to the noise floor, which is the measure of the background noise or interference in the RF environment. The higher the SNR, the more robust and efficient the communication.
The lower the SNR, the more prone and vulnerable to errors and retries.
According to the CWNA Official Study Guide , Table 3.7, page 112, an 802.11ac connection with a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz, an MCS of 9, two spatial streams, a short guard interval, and no beamforming can achieve a maximum data rate of 867 Mbps. However, this data rate requires a minimum SNR of 30 dB to maintain a sufficient signal quality. If the signal strength is -84 dBm and the noise floor is -96 dBm, then the SNR is only 12 dB (-84 dBm - (-96 dBm) = 12 dB), which is far below the required SNR for this data rate.
Therefore, the data rate will drop significantly to match the lower SNR and signal quality.
To solve this problem, the signal strength should be increased to improve the SNR and data rate. This can be done by adjusting the output power or channel assignment of the AP or client, relocating or reorienting some APs or antennas to reduce attenuation or interference, updating or replacing some faulty oroutdated hardware or software components, etc. References: , Chapter 3, page 112; , Section 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 49
What feature of 802.1 lax (HE) may impact design decisions related to AP placement and the spacing between same-channel BSS cells (3SAs) because it is designed to reduce overlapping BSS contention?
- A. TWT
- B. uplink MU-MIMO
- C. BSS Color
- D. 6 GHz band support
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the 802.11ax (High Efficiency, HE) amendment, one of the key features introduced is BSS (Basic Service Set) Coloring. This feature is designed to mitigate issues arising from overlapping BSSs (OBSS), which can lead to contention and interference in dense wireless environments. BSS Coloring works by:
* Assigning a "color" (a small number) to each BSS: This helps devices differentiate between frames from their own BSS and those from neighboring BSSs.
* Reducing Inter-BSS Interference: Devices can ignore frames from different BSSs (with a different
"color") under certain conditions, reducing the impact of OBSS interference.
* Improving Spatial Reuse: By distinguishing between transmissions from different BSSs, devices can make more informed decisions about when to transmit, improving the efficiency of spatial reuse and reducing unnecessary contention.
This feature directly impacts design decisions related to AP placement and the spacing between same-channel BSS cells, as it allows for closer placement of APs on the same channel without significantly increasing interference, thus improving overall network capacity and efficiency.
The other options, while features of 802.11ax, do not directly pertain to reducing overlapping BSS contention in the same manner:
* TWT (Target Wake Time)optimizes device sleep schedules to conserve power.
* Uplink MU-MIMOenhances uplink data transmission capabilities but doesn't specifically address
* OBSS contention.
* 6 GHz Band Supportintroduces new spectrum for Wi-Fi use but is not a feature aimed at reducing OBSS contention within the 802.11ax framework.
Therefore, the correct answer is B, BSS Color.
References:
* IEEE 802.11ax-2021: Enhancements for High Efficiency WLAN.
* CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109, by David D: Coleman and David A. Westcott.
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which one of the following 802.11 PHYs is more likely to be used in an industrial deployment but not likely to be used in standard office deployments?
- A. S1G
- B. OFDM
- C. VHT
- D. HT
Answer: A
Explanation:
S1G is one of the 802.11 PHYs that is more likely to be used in an industrial deployment but not likely to be used in standard office deployments. This is because S1G stands for Sub-1 GHz, which means it operates in the frequency bands below 1 GHz, such as 900 MHz and 868 MHz. These bands offer better penetration and range than the higher frequency bands used by other 802.11 PHYs, such as 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. This makes S1G suitable for industrial applications that require robust and reliable wireless communication in harsh environments, such as factories, warehouses, mines, and smart grids. S1G also supports low-power and low-data-rate devices, such as sensors, actuators, and meters, which are common in industrial Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. VHT, OFDM, and HT are other 802.11 PHYs that are more commonly used in standard office deployments, as they offer higher data rates and capacity than S1G, but have lower range and penetration. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Radio Frequency Technologies, page 751
NEW QUESTION # 51
You are using a tool that allows you to see signal strength for all Aps in the area with a visual representation. It shows you SSIDs available and the security settings for each SSID. It allows you to filter by frequency band to see only 2.4 GHz networks or only 5 GHz networks. No additional features are available.
What kind of application is described?
- A. Site survey utility
- B. Protocol analyzer
- C. Spectrum analyzer
- D. WLAN scanner tool
Answer: D
Explanation:
The tool described is a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) scanner tool. WLAN scanner tools are designed to provide information about the wireless networks in a given area, including:
* Signal Strength: They show the signal strength of all access points (APs) in the vicinity, which is crucial for understanding the coverage area and potential interference.
* SSID Visualization: These tools display the SSIDs (Service Set Identifiers) of available networks, allowing users to identify different wireless networks easily.
* Security Settings Information: WLAN scanner tools often show the type of security implemented on each network, such as WPA2, WEP, etc.
* Frequency Band Filtering: They allow users to filter and view networks based on the frequency band (2.4 GHz or 5 GHz), which is useful for analyzing network distribution and planning.
While protocol analyzers, site survey utilities, and spectrum analyzers are also used in wireless networking, their functions are distinct from what is described:
* Protocol Analyzersare more sophisticated and are used to capture and analyze network traffic.
* Site Survey Utilitiesare used to map signal coverage and plan network layouts, often with more advanced features for detailed site surveys.
* Spectrum Analyzersprovide a detailed view of the frequency spectrum and non-Wi-Fi interference but don't typically focus on SSIDs or security settings.
Thus, the correct answer is D, a WLAN scanner tool, based on the functionalities described.
References:
* CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam PW0-105, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.
* Tools and techniques for wireless network analysis and troubleshooting.
NEW QUESTION # 52
An 802.11-based network uses an AP and has several connecting clients. The clients include iPhones, iPads, laptops and one desktop. What WLAN use case is represented?
- A. WPAN
- B. IBSS
- C. Ad-hoc
- D. BSS
Answer: D
Explanation:
A BSS (Basic Service Set) is a WLAN use case that represents an 802.11-based network that uses an AP (Access Point) and has several connecting clients. The AP acts as a central point of coordination and communication for the clients, which can include iPhones, iPads, laptops, desktops, or any other devices that have Wi-Fi capabilities. A BSS can be identified by a unique BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), which is usually the MAC address of the AP's radio interface. A BSS can also be associated with an SSID (Service Set Identifier), which is a human-readable name that identifies the network. References: , Chapter 1, page 23; , Section 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 53
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